An Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway and Gas Release of NMC Lithium-Ion Pouch Batteries Depending on the State of Charge Level

In this study, 19 experiments were conducted with 25 pouch cells of NMC cathode to investigate thermal runaway and the release gases from lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Single cells, double a four-cell battery stack forced undergo inside an air-tight reactor vessel volume 100 dm3. The study involved two series tests types ignition sources. Series 1 tests, heating plug was used initiate in LIBs ranges 80–89% 90–100% SOC. 2 plate trigger 30–50%, 80–89%, Thermal started at onset temperature 344 ± 5 K 345 for 393 36 487 10 tests. Peak reaction temperatures ranged between 642 1184 K, while maximum pressures observed 1.2 bar 7.28 bar. induced explosion lead rate increase greater than K/s. amounts released calculated measured reactor. Then, gas composition analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. highest gaseous production achieved range SOC higher capacities 72 L, 1.8 L/Ah (Series 1, stack) 103 3.2 2, 32 Ah cell)). Among analyzed, concentration emissions such as C2H4, CH4, C2H6 increased cell capacity both results revealed characteristic variations behavior respect type source used.